RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES VOL. 7, ES4003, doi:10.2205/2005ES000177, 2005
[6] The macroscopic magnetic characteristics of the films, such as saturation magnetization ( Js ), remanent saturation magnetization ( Jrs ), natural remanent magnetization ( Jn ), as well as their temperature dependence Js(T) and Jrs(T), were carried out in the Geomagnetic Laboratory of the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Science, using a JR-4 magnetometer (AGIKO), a vibromagnetometer (VSM), and a two-component laboratory thermomagnetometer (Orion Company, Borok). The magnetic field used to produce Js and Jrs was equal to 450 mT. The coercive force ( Hc ) and the remanent coercive force ( Hcr ) were measured using a coercimeter in the maximum magnetic field of 1.7T (Orion Company, Borok). In this case Jn denotes the magnetization acquired by the films during the laboratory synthesis in the ambient geomagnetic field. Conventionally, we will refer to this magnetization as laboratory synthesis magnetization (LSM). In order to obtain the LSM vector and Jrs characteristics and study the anisotropy of these types of magnetization we measured the films in a cubic nonmagnetic organic glass container in three orthogonal directions X, Y, and Z. The Z axis was taken to be perpendicular to the film, the X and Y axes residing in the film plane. Since this synthesis was carried out without fixing the direction of the Earth magnetic field, the direction of the maximum values of the LSM and J rs vectors in the film plane was chosen after the measurements to be the X-axis.
[7] The Mössbauer transmission spectra were obtained in the laboratory of the Solid State Physics Department, Moscow State University, using a spectrometer of constant acceleration. The radioactive source was Co57(Rh), the velocity scale of the spectrometer was calibrated using a standard a -Fe absorber. All experimental spectra were subject to compute fitting using a special program based on the Lorentz form of spectra lines. To check the homogeneity of the particle distributions of over the thickness of the film, Mössbauer spectra were obtained for different thicknesses below the surfaces of the study samples. Depth selective Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed in the geometry of back scattering with registration of two types of secondary radiation: conversion electrons (information from the subsurface layer ~0.3 m m) and conversion X-ray (information from the subsurface lay ~20 m m) [Kuprin and Novakova, 1992].
Citation: 2005), Specific magnetic structure forming in polymer nanocomposites containing magnetite nanoparticles, Russ. J. Earth Sci., 7, ES4003, doi:10.2205/2005ES000177.
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