5. Conclusion

2006ES000211-fig09
Figure 9
[21]  We tried to bring together the data about tsunamis and phenomena similar to tsunami in internal reservoirs of Russia: rivers, lakes, and artificial water supply reservoirs, where tsunami hazard is neglected. The characteristics of phenomena similar to tsunami are given in Table 1. A total of nine reliable or almost reliable events, which occurred in 1597-2006 are distinguished. Their time distribution is shown in Figure 9 (partly reliable events are denoted with bars of half-length). During the last 200 years, tsunamis actually occurred once in 25 years on the average in internal basins of Russia. We note that tsunamis in internal basins are generated by the same sources as in seas and oceans: earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes and landslides are responsible for the main part of the events (four events caused by each source),
2006ES000211-fig10
Figure 10
while one event was caused by underwater volcano eruption (Figure 10). The geography of phenomena similar to tsunami is shown in Figure 1 of the Introduction. Four events occurred in the European part of Russia, and five in Siberia and Far East. Our special interest is focused on the tsunami on the Volga River in the region of Nizhniy Novgorod, whose probability of occurrence is not at all insignificant (three reliable events in the Volga region). All these events point to the fact that estimating the tsunami hazard in these regions and informing the population about possible consequences of visiting the coasts of the basins are necessary.

[22]  Finally, in the conclusion we note that, in principle we should include two cases of tsunami of asteroid origin in this summary, which were mentioned in the Introduction: tsunami in the Barents Sea (140 mln. years BP) and tsunami in the region of Kaluga town (350 mln. years BP). However, according to the traditions, tsunamis of asteroid origin are discussed separately.


RJES

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