Figure 32. Poles of the Eurasian basin opening [{\it Grachev,} 1996]: (1) [{\it Pitman and Talwani,} 1972]; (2) [{\it Minster,} 1974]; (3) [{\it Karasik,} 1980]; (4) [{\it Chapman and Solomon,} 1976]; (5) [{\it Minster and Jordan,} 1978] (global pole); (6) [{\it Chase,} 1972]; (7) [{\it DeMets,} 1992a, 1992b]; (8) [{\it Cook et al.,} 1986]; (9)-(12) [{\it Grachev,} 1996]; (9) from transform faults, (10) 55 Ma, (11) 26 Ma, (12) 15 Ma.